Federal parliamentary republic

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A federal parliamentary republic refers to a federation of states with a republican form of government that is, more or less, dependent upon the confidence of parliaments at both the national and subnational levels. It is a combination of the federal republic and the parliamentary republic.

Such republics usually possess a bicameral legislature at the federal level out of necessity, so as to allow for a set, often equal number of representatives of the subnational entities to sit in the upper house; however, the government, headed by a head of government, will be dependent upon the lower house of parliament for its stability or legitimacy.

List of federal parliamentary republics

Federation	Style	Formerly	Subdivisions	Head of state	Head of government	Parliamentary republic adopted	Head of state elected by
Austria	Republic	One-party state	States of Austria	President of Austria	Chancellor of Austria	1955	Direct, by second-round system
Ethiopia	Federal Democratic Republic	One-party state	Regions of Ethiopia	President of Ethiopia	Prime Minister of Ethiopia	1991	Parliament, by two-thirds majority
Germany	Federal Republic	One-party state	States of Germany	President of Germany	Chancellor of Germany	1949	Federal assembly (Parliament and state delegates), by absolute majority
India	Republic	Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm)	States of India	President of India	Prime Minister of India	1950	Electoral College, Parliament and state legislators, by single transferable vote
Iraq	Republic	One-party state	Regions of Iraq	Prime Minister and President of Iraq	Prime Minister	2005	Parliament, by two-thirds majority
Nepal	Federal Democratic Republic	Constitutional monarchy	Yet to decide by the constituent assembly	President of Nepal	Prime Minister of Nepal	2008	Parliament, by two-thirds majority
Pakistan	Islamic Republic	Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm)	Subdivisions of Pakistan	President of Pakistan	Prime Minister of Pakistan	1956	Electoral College, by two-thirds majority )